To recover from a recession there needs to be either a rise in AD or a readjustment in prices and wages. Classical economists argue that a recession will only be temporary because labour and product markets are flexible. However Keynesians argue that wage and price rigidity can keep the economy below full capacity for a …
Economic Cost of Cars 1. Congestion Time lost which has a monetary value Frustration Increase in pollution Increased cost of petrol 2. Pollution Unleaded petrol has helped reduce lead, but there is still a problem of carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide exacerbating global warming Also an increase in respiratory problems such as asthma 3. …
Catalytic converters help reduce pollution and therefore have positive externalities. This means that if consumers use them there will be benefits to a third party, because there will be less pollution and health problems. In a free market there may be under provision of catalytic converters, for various reasons. Firstly, because there are positive externalities …
Diagrams showing different types of elasticity – inelastic demand, elastic demand, inelastic supply, elastic supply. The effect of tax Inelastic Demand Elastic demand Elastic Supply Inelastic Supply Effect of elasticity on impact of subsidy Effect of Tax on Elastic Demand Effect of Tax on Inelastic Demand
– Positive economics: based on facts and testable theories e.g. inflation is 2% – Normative economics: based on opinion – Opportunity cost: is the sacrifice foregone of the next best alternative – Demand curve will shift to the right if real incomes rise, price of substitute rises, price of complement falls, changes in taste Giffen …
Assess the extent to which governmentsts are likely to encounter difficulties when attempting to respond to economic shocks that affect economies such as Germany and the UK (30) Economic shocks are events which adversely affect the economy and the governments macro economic objectives such as growth, inflation, unemployment and the balance of payments. Economic …
European Union For AQA Unit 4 Origins of the EU Economic Integration Single Market What it involves Efficiency of the Single Market Common Agricultural Policy Reform of the CAP Expansion of the EU Monetary Union What it involves How it affects Monetary Policy Impact of European wide inflation targeting and interest policy Arguments for Against …
Free general advice for Studying Economics Learn the basics first. You can answer a lot of questions just through mastering supply and demand questions. Practise Questions. To learn you need to practise and answer questions yourself. Don’t just read the textbook. Reading is a form of passive learning; there is a limit to what you …