The original Phillips curve suggested there was a trade-off between nominal wages and unemployment. Higher demand led to rising wages and a fall in unemployment. Lower aggregate demand (AD) led to a fall in nominal wages, but a rise in unemployment. This was adapted to suggest a trade-off between unemployment and inflation. During the 1950s …
Demand side policies include expansionary fiscal and monetary policies. For example, the govt could increase Govt spending and lower taxes. G is a component of AD, therefore, this will cause AD to increase, there may also be a multiplier effect causing AD to increase even more than the initial effect Lower tax rates will increase …
Aggregate demand (AD) is the total demand for goods and services produced within the economy over a period of time. Aggregate demand (AD) is composed of various components. AD = C+I+G+ (X-M) C = Consumer expenditure on goods and services. I = Gross capital investment – i.e. investment spending on capital goods e.g. factories and …
Under certain circumstances, the government might want to intervene in the foreign exchange markets to influence the level of the exchange rate. Methods to Influence the Exchange Rate Reserves and Borrowing. If the value of an exchange rate is falling and the government wants to maintain its original value it can use its foreign exchange …
Should the government leave house prices to market forces, or actively intervene to prevent a house price crash? Arguments for intervention Falling House Prices Could cause a recession If house prices fall, it will cause significant problems for the UK economy. There will be a fall in consumer wealth, and declining house prices can lead …
Increasing the rates of economic growth has long been the holy grail of conventional economics and politics. To a large extent, most developed economies have been highly successful in increasing economic output. But, has such an impressive increase in national output actually improved people’s standard of living? To decide whether economic growth has increased happiness …
Deflation Definition Deflation is defined as a decrease in the general price level. It is a negative inflation rate. Deflation means the value of money will increase. Deflation is often associated with periods of negative or stagnant economic growth (Great Depression, Japanese economy in the 1990s, early 2000s). In fact, deflation is often used to …
The capital account measures transfer in assets and liabilities. For example, this may involve a Japanese firm building a factory in the UK. This is counted as a credit on the UK Capital Account. The Capital account can also involve the purchase of securities and liabilities, for example, a Japanese Banker buying UK Government securities. …