Oligopoly is a market structure in which a few firms dominate the industry; it is an industry with a five firm concentration ratio of greater than 50%. In Oligopoly, firms are interdependent; this means their decisions (price and output) depend upon how the other firms behave: Barriers to entry are likely to be a feature …
UK inflation since 1989. Definition – Inflation – Inflation is a sustained rise in the cost of living and average price level. Causes Inflation – Inflation is caused by excess demand in the economy, a rise in costs of production, rapid growth in the money supply. Costs of Inflation – Inflation causes …
The economic trade cycle shows how economic growth can fluctuate within different phases, for example: Boom (which is a period of high economic growth possibly causing inflation) Peak (top of trade cycle, where growth rates may start to fall) Economic downturn/Recession ( where the growth rate falls and may become negative – leading to a fall in …
Under certain circumstances, the government might want to intervene in the foreign exchange markets to influence the level of the exchange rate. Methods to Influence the Exchange Rate Reserves and Borrowing. If the value of an exchange rate is falling and the government wants to maintain its original value it can use its foreign exchange …
Fiscal Policy is the use of Government spending and taxation levels to influence the level of economic activity. In theory, fiscal policy can be used to prevent inflation and avoid recession. Fiscal Policy explained But, in practice, there are many limitations of using fiscal policy. Evaluation / Criticism of Fiscal Policy Disincentives of Tax Cuts. …
Should the government leave house prices to market forces, or actively intervene to prevent a house price crash? Arguments for intervention Falling House Prices Could cause a recession If house prices fall, it will cause significant problems for the UK economy. There will be a fall in consumer wealth, and declining house prices can lead …
Definition of trade creation Trade creation refers to the increase in economic welfare from joining a free trade area, such as a customs union. Trade creation will occur when there is a reduction in tariff barriers, leading to lower prices. This switch to lower cost producers will lead to an increase in consumer surplus and …
Deflation Definition Deflation is defined as a decrease in the general price level. It is a negative inflation rate. Deflation means the value of money will increase. Deflation is often associated with periods of negative or stagnant economic growth (Great Depression, Japanese economy in the 1990s, early 2000s). In fact, deflation is often used to …