Definition: Static efficiency is concerned with the most efficient combination of existing resources at a given point in time. For example, static efficiency involves the concept of productive efficiency – producing at the lowest point on the short run average cost curve – given existing resources and factor inputs. Static efficiency is also concerned with …
A cartel occurs when two or more firms enter into agreements to restrict the supply or fix the price of a good in a particular industry. A cartel is a formal type of collusion. Cartels are considered to be against the public interest. This is because cartels aim to: Increase price Distort normal workings of …
A leveraged buyout occurs when a firm is bought by a group of investors who borrow a large proportion of the money needed to buy a target firm. Often the investors will use the assets of the target firm as collateral for borrowing money. Leveraged Buyouts are often highly aggressive methods of taking over an …
Definition of Capital accumulation This is the process of acquiring additional capital stock which is used in the productive process. Capital accumulation can involve Investment in physical fixed capital (e.g. factories, machines) Portfolio investment – purchase of bonds, shares and cryptocurrencies Investment in assets, such as housing. Measuring capital accumulation Capital accumulation can be calculated …
Definition of financial intermediaries A financial intermediary is a financial institution such as bank, building society, insurance company, investment bank or pension fund. A financial intermediary offers a service to help an individual/ firm to save or borrow money. A financial intermediary helps to facilitate the different needs of lenders and borrowers. For example, if …
Government price controls are situations where the government sets prices for particular goods and services. Types of price controls Minimum prices – Prices can’t be set lower (but can be set above) Maximum price – Limit to how much prices can be raised (e.g. market rent) Buffer stocks – Where government keep prices within a certain …
Definition: The Terms of Trade is the average price of exports / by the average price of imports. It is a measure of a countries relative competitiveness. If export prices rise relative to import prices, we say there has been an improvement in the terms of trade. – A unit of export buys relatively …
The Asian financial crisis of 1997 refers to a macroeconomic shock experienced by several Asian economies – including Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, South Korea and Indonesia. Typically countries experienced rapid devaluation and capital outflows as investor confidence turned from over-exuberance to contagious pessimism as the structural imbalances in the economy became more apparent. The crisis of ’97-99 …