This is an economics revision guide (e-book) designed for A Level. It includes both AS and A2.
If you do a specific exam board, you can choose a specific revision guide:
International
Sent immediately after purchase.
Last updated June 2022.
For schools: Network license – £105.00
Economics is concerned with the optimal distribution of scarce resources within society. For example, economics is concerned with how individual decisions like how firms produce goods and which goods people buy. An important element in economics is concerned with the extent to which governments can intervene in the economy to improve economic welfare. Economics is …
Diseconomies of scale occur when long-run average costs start to rise with increased output. Economies of scale occur up to Q1. After output Q1, long-run average costs start to rise. Reasons for dis-economies of scale Poor communication in a large firm. It can be hard to communicate ideas and new working practices. Alienation: Working in …
Increasing the rates of economic growth has long been the holy grail of conventional economics and politics. To a large extent, most developed economies have been highly successful in increasing economic output. But, has such an impressive increase in national output actually improved people’s standard of living? To decide whether economic growth has increased happiness …
Average cost (AC) is the total cost (TC) divided by quantity. AC= TC/Q Average variable cost (AVC) is the total variable cost (VC) divided by quantity AVC = VC/Q FC = Fixed costs – not changing with output VC = Variable costs – which do change with output TC Total costs = FC+VC Short-run average …
Agriculture often appears to be one of the most difficult industries, frequently leading to some form of market failure. In the EU and US, agriculture is the most heavily subsidised industry, yet despite the cost of the subsidy it fails to address many issues relating to agriculture. Types of market failure in agriculture Volatile Prices …
When food prices rise in the developed world, it is an inconvenience, something to grumble about. But, when food prices rise in the developing world, it can make a difference between going hungry and getting enough to eat. Food inflation is volatile. Agricultural prices tend to fluctuate because demand and supply are both inelastic and …