Secular stagnation is a term coined to describe a prolonged period of lower economic growth. Economists, such as Larry Summers have written on secular stagnation arguing the world has entered a period of substantially lower economic growth. He points to factors, such as ineffective monetary policy and weak demand for explaining the lower rates of …
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Bottlenecks refer to the situation where firms are unable to meet demand because of delays, shortages and lack of spare capacity. Bottlenecks can occur from a spike in demand or disruptions to supply. They can lead to higher prices, inflation, shortages of goods and even lower economic growth. For many years, we have grown accustomed …
Higher wheat prices will have a significant impact on raising food prices and reducing living standards; it is feared it could cause widespread poverty and social unrest. The impact of higher wheat prices will be felt disproportionately by low-income consumers and major wheat importing countries, such as Egypt and Nigeria. This is because consumers on …
The effective exchange rate measures the value of a currency against a basket of other currencies. This exchange rate index is usually trade-weighted to take into account the relative importance of other currencies. When looking at the effective Sterling exchange rate we compare the value of Sterling against our main trading partners – The Euro, …
GDP is gross domestic product – it is a measure of the total value of what is produced in an economy GNP is gross national product – a measure of the total income that stays in an economy. The difference is that GNP takes into account the net income flows (e.g. dividends) that are sent …