Environmental sustainability is concerned with whether environmental resources will be protected and maintained for future generations. Issues of environmental sustainability Environmental sustainability is concerned with issues such as: Long-term health of ecosystems. Protecting the long-term productivity and health of resources to meet future economic and social needs, e.g. protecting food supplies, farmland and fishing stocks. …
Explain the role of the main economic groups: consumers, producers and the government. Within an economy, there are three main groups of agents. Producers Consumers Government 1. Consumers Individuals and households who provide labour to firms and purchase goods and services. Consumers pay income tax on wages and pay indirect taxes on purchases, for example, …
A zombie firm is a company that is currently able to stay in business but is loaded with bad debts and needs bailouts to survive. For example, a company which took on large debts but then a rise in interest rates makes these form debt repayments unaffordable and it would go under – without support …
Economic growth is an increase in national output/income (higher real GDP). There are two main aspects of economic growth: Aggregate demand (AD) (consumer spending, investment levels, government spending, exports-imports) Aggregate supply (AS) (Productive capacity, the efficiency of economy, labour productivity) To increase economic growth We need to see a rise in demand and/or an increase …
A merger occurs when two firms join together to form one. The new firm will have an increased market share, which helps the firm gain economies of scale and become more profitable. The merger will also reduce competition and could lead to higher prices for consumers. The main benefit of mergers to the public are: …
Summary: Cardinal utility gives a value of utility to different options. Ordinal utility just ranks in terms of preference. Cardinal Utility is the idea that economic welfare can be directly observable and be given a value. For example, people may be able to express the utility that consumption gives for certain goods. For example, if …
A cartel occurs when two or more firms enter into agreements to restrict the supply or fix the price of a good in a particular industry. A cartel is a formal type of collusion. Cartels are considered to be against the public interest. This is because cartels aim to: Increase price Distort normal workings of …
Factor immobility occurs when it is difficult for factors of production (e.g. labour and capital) to move between different areas of the economy. Factor immobility could involve: Geographical immobility – When it is difficult to move from one geographical area to another. Occupational immobility – difficult to move from one type of work to another. …