Perfect competition is a market structure Where there are many small firms There is freedom of entry and exit There is perfect information about price and supply Products are homogenous. Definition of Perfect Competition Outcome of perfect competition Firms are price takers Firms will make normal profit (where AR=AC). If firms made supernormal profits – more …
Definition of Pareto efficiency Pareto efficiency is said to occur when it is impossible to make one party better off without making someone worse off. A Pareto improvement is said to occur when at least one individual becomes better off without anyone becoming worse off. Pareto efficiency will occur on a production possibility frontier. When …
Summary: Productive efficiency is concerned with the optimal method of producing goods; producing goods at the lowest cost. Allocative efficiency is concerned with the optimal distribution of goods and services. Example: An economy could be productively efficient in producing large numbers of boots – but if they were all for the left foot, it would …
Last week, for the first time in history, Moody downgraded the credit rating of US debt, it has sparked long-term bond yields to rise to levels last seen in 2008. Moody’s predicts that the US deficit will rise to 9% of GDP by 2035. This is really unprecedented for peace time. The forecast assumes no …
It’s pretty easy to talk about the problems with the UK economy – 18 years of low growth, stagnant real wages, low productivity, low investment, housing costs through the roof. The numbers don’t lie. If past trends had continued from 2007, average households would be at least £8,000 a year better off. If we could …
Greece is the cradle of western civilisation. Philosophy, democracy and unique cultural icons. But, 15 years ago, something terrible started to happen to the Greek economy, which saw one of the biggests hits to living standards in the western world. GDP collapsed, unemployment soared and Greece became an economic basket case. This article explains what …
1970s – The Decade That Nearly BROKE BritainWatch this video on YouTube Readers Question I’m currently looking at stagflation in the mid-1970s in the UK, and the policies the then-Government undertook to solve the economic crisis. Was the Government right to widen the budget deficit 1974-5 in order to stimulate demand, or should it have …
In 1984, Arthur Scargill passionately spoke to 140,000 miners to fight for their jobs, communities and livelihoods. Coal was the black gold which kept the country going. Coal miners were the working class heroes, with the capacity to bring down a government or fuel the engine of the economy. After descending a coal mine in …