Definition of Capital accumulation This is the process of acquiring additional capital stock which is used in the productive process. Capital accumulation can involve Investment in physical fixed capital (e.g. factories, machines) Portfolio investment – purchase of bonds, shares and cryptocurrencies Investment in assets, such as housing. Measuring capital accumulation Capital accumulation can be calculated …
The marginal efficiency of capital displays the expected rate of return on investment, at a particular given time. The marginal efficiency of capital is compared to the rate of interest. Keynes described the marginal efficiency of capital as: “The marginal efficiency of capital is equal to that rate of discount which would make the present …
A look at the benefits and costs of capital flows.
Definition: Gross fixed capital formation is essentially net investment. It is a component of the Expenditure method of calculating GDP. To be more precise Gross fixed capital formation measures the net increase in fixed capital. Gross fixed capital formation includes spending on land improvements, (fences, ditches, drains, and so on) plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; …
Definition of capital mobility – easy for physical assets and finance to move across geographical boundaries. Capital immobility – when capital faces restrictions on the free movement. What is capital? Capital principally refers to physical capital – durable goods used in the production process – machines, factories. This physical capital is determined by levels of …
A capitalist economic system is one characterised by free markets and the absence of government intervention in the economy. In practice a capitalist economy will need some government intervention, primarily to protect private property. (This is important to distinguish capitalism from anarchism, where there is absolutely no government present) Features of a capitalist economic system …
Definition of Capital Expenditure. Capital expenditure is when a firm buys something that cannot be counted as a cost of a business, but reflects an expansion in a firms assets. Examples of capital expenditure include: The purchase of existing business. Purchase of capital goods from other suppliers, e.g. machines, computers, lighting systems. For tax purposes, …
Between 1991 and 1998, Russian GDP fell an estimated 40%. The transition to a free market economy was plagued by hyperinflation, rising poverty, falling life expectancy and social dysfunction. Whilst the average citizen saw a marked deterioration in the quality of life, a few oligarchs became intensely rich as they bought state assets at a …