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Since the mid-1960s, the UK has seen a 40% fall in total CO2 emissions. CO2 Emissions are now below levels seen at the end of the industrial revolution. Summary of why CO2 is falling Decline in coal-powered stations. In 2012, coal generated 41 per cent of the country’s electricity. By 2019, it supplied just 2 …
Readers’ Question: What is the difference between the Monetary base and the money supply? The monetary base is part of the overall money supply. The monetary base refers to that part of the money supply which is highly liquid (i.e. easy to use). The monetary base includes Notes and coins Commercial bank deposits with the …
Definition of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). FDI is the net transfer of funds to purchase and acquire physical capital, such as factories and machines, e.g. Nissan, a Japanese firm, building a car factory in the UK. In recent years, foreign direct investment has also widened to include the purchase of assets and shares which give …
Labour productivity measures the output per worker in a period of time. Labour productivity is an important factor in determining the long-run trend rate of economic growth; tax revenues, inflation and real wages. Since the start of the great recession in early 2008, UK labour productivity growth has remained very low – well below the …
Is there a link between government debt and the interest rate on government bonds? One argument we often hear is that if government borrowing increases – we can expect higher bond yields. Investors demand higher yields to compensate for the risk of government default. However, other economists argue this is misleading. If inflation is low, …
Demand-pull inflation is a period of inflation which arises from rapid growth in aggregate demand. It occurs when economic growth is too fast. If aggregate demand (AD) rises faster than productive capacity (LRAS), then firms will respond by putting up prices, creating inflation. Inflation – a sustained increase in the price level. Demand-pull inflation – …
Readers Question: explain how economists define ‘full employment’? The first definition of full employment would be the situation where everyone willing to work at the going wage rate is able to get a job. This would imply that unemployment is zero because if you are not willing to work then you should not be counted …