A list of the major recessions in UK and US. List of Recessions in UK Comparing different recessions 1919-21 Recession GDP fell 25% during the three years following the end of the First World War. Unemployment rose to 20% UK experienced deflation of 10% in 1921, and 14% in 1922 Causes of fall in GDP …
The International Monetary Fund is a global organisation founded in 1944 in the post-war economic settlement which included the Bretton-Woods system of managed exchange rates. J.M.Keynes and Harry Dexter White both played an important role in its development. Its primary aim is to help stabilise exchange rates and provide loans to countries in need. Nearly …
What factors should we consider when setting monetary policy? Basics of monetary policy If inflation is above the target and economic growth too fast, the Bank will likely increase interest rates. Higher interest rates increase the cost of borrowing and reduce investment/consumer spending – leading to a lower rate of economic growth. See more at …
The natural rate of interest is the interest rate consistent with maintaining economic growth at its trend rate and stable inflation. Another definition of the natural rate of interest is: “the real interest rate consistent with real GDP equalling its potential level (potential GDP) in the absence of transitory shocks to demand. (FR) In other …
Readers’ Question: Why does the cost of living keep rising? [See updated page Cost of living crisis 2022] This is due to inflation – the persistent increase in the average price level. In modern economies, inflation is a common feature. In fact, most Central Banks target a low rate of inflation of 2%. Central banks …
Readers Question: What is the main purpose of foreign reserves? Who decides what amount to be kept as reserve and how this reserve is financed? Could be please explain in detail? Definition of: Foreign Currency Reserves (Forex Reserves). This is the amount of foreign currency reserves that are held by the Central Bank of a …
In 2007, EU economies, on the surface, seemed to be doing relatively well – with positive economic growth and low inflation. Public debt was often high, but (apart from Greece) it appeared to be manageable assuming a positive trend in economic growth. However, the global credit crunch (see: Credit crunch explained) changed many things. Impact …
A devaluation (depreciation) occurs when the exchange rate falls in value. This causes exports to be cheaper and imports to be more expensive. In theory, it can help increase economic growth, though it may cause inflation. In theory, a devaluation will cause the following to happen: The price of UK exports will be lower in …