A list of different types of economic policies. Monetary policy Fiscal policy Supply-side policies Microeconomic policies – tax, subsidies, price controls, housing market, regulation of monopolies Labour market policies Tariff/trade policies Demand-side policies Policies for influencing aggregate demand and expenditure in the economy. This mainly involves fiscal and monetary policy. Fiscal policy Government changes to …
Interesting article here, which claims that printer ink is the equivalent of $8,000 per gallon, which makes petrol look cheap. Printer Ink is expensive – $8,000 per gallon. Reasons Printer Ink is So Expensive? 1. Printers are sold cheaply. The business model of many printer companies is to sell printers at a low cost, and …
To what extent does an increase in profit lead to an increase in economic welfare? In summary. Higher profit enables firms to invest in more research and development, leading to better products in the long-term. Higher profit also acts as a signal to other entrepreneurs to increase investment in that industry. However, others are concerned …
Readers Question: ‘Society may come to the view that too much inequality is unacceptable or undesirable’ Assess whether inequality can cause economic problems, such as market failure. What are the advantages and disadvantages of inequality? Inequality means there is a gap between the highest income earners and the lowest income earners. (inequality can also relate …
In economics a shortage occurs when demand is greater than supply, causing unfulfilled demand. A shortage can occur due to Temporary supply constraints, e.g. supply disruption due to weather or accident at a factory. Fixed prices – and unexpected surge in demand, e.g. demand for fuel in cold winter. Government price controls, such as maximum …
Governments intervene in markets to try and overcome market failure. The government may also seek to improve the distribution of resources (greater equality). The aims of government intervention in markets include Stabilise prices Provide producers/farmers with a minimum income To avoid excessive prices for goods with important social welfare Discourage demerit goods/encourage merit good Forms …
Perfect competition – Many firms, freedom of entry, homogeneous product, normal profit. Monopoly – One firm dominates the market, barriers to entry, possibly supernormal profit. Monopoly diagram Oligopoly – An industry dominated by a few firms, e.g. 5 firm concentration ratio of > 50%. Interdependence of firms Oligopoly diagram Collusive behaviour – firms seek to …
Definition of Market Failure – This occurs when there is an inefficient allocation of resources in a free market. Market failure can occur due to a variety of reasons, such as monopoly (higher prices and less output), negative externalities (over-consumed and costs to third party) and public goods (usually not provided in a free market) …