The Labour Party has announced a policy to nationalise full-fibre optic broadband provision and offer free broadband to every UK home. It is an ambitious policy which would involve costs of £20-£40bn to purchase Openreach from BT (Labour suggest £20bn, BT, £40. Do the benefits of nationalisation outweigh the costs? Arguments for nationalisation External benefits …
The Neo-Classical Theory of Firms makes the following assumptions Firms are profit maximisers. Firms will maximise profits where MR=MC In the short run, firms are subject to diminishing returns. In the short run, capital is fixed, therefore MC is upwardly sloping after diminishing returns sets in. Prices are flexible. If there is a shortage of …
On Wednesday 16 September 1992, the UK economy was in deep recession, with unemployment of 10% interest rates of 10%, and the Pound was struggling to maintain its value against the D-Mark. As soon as markets opened, financial investors piled in to sell pounds to a beleaguered government, and Sterling fell, reaching the floor of …
In 1913, Britain was the largest trading nation in the world. 50% of global capital investment came from London. It was an economic powerhouse which defied its small size. But, in the past 100 years, the pound has devalued and the UK has seen a steady decline in relative importance. Some of this was inevitable, …
In 1979, Mrs Thatcher was elected Prime Minister of the UK. At the time, the UK was experiencing double-digit inflation, trades unions were powerful and there were signs British industry was becoming increasingly uncompetitive. Mrs Thatcher introduced revolutionary economic policies which had a deep impact on the UK economy. They were characterised by a belief …
Black Wednesday refers to the date 16 September 1992, when the UK was forced out of the ERM. The Exchange rate mechanism was a key policy tool for the Conservative government. The logic of joining the ERM was that the chancellor Nigel Lawson believed that being in a fixed exchange rate Would help to reduce …
Higher interest rates increase the cost of borrowing, reduce disposable income and therefore limit the growth in consumer spending. Higher interest rates tend to reduce inflationary pressures and cause an appreciation in the exchange rate. Higher interest rates have various economic effects: Effect of higher interest rates Increases the cost of borrowing. With higher interest …
The OBR has recently made a prediction that UK national debt could soar from the current 100% of GDP to 320% within 50 years. This bleak assessment is made with regard to factors such as demographic pressures, requiring higher spending on welfare and health care, plus recent geopolitical events and rising energy prices. In 2009, …