Supply is price inelastic if a change in price causes a smaller percentage change in supply. (PES of less than one) Example of inelastic supply – Price of rents falls by 20%; Q.Supply declines by 1%. PES = 0.05 Diagram of inelastic supply In this case, an increase in price from £30 to £40 has …
Due to lack of space in the book, we have published full bibliography on this website. Bibliography Chapter 1 Is it OK to be selfish? Frank, R H (1988) Passions Within Reason: The Strategic Role of the Emotions, p. xi. New York: W W Norton & Co. Galbraith, J K (1982) “Recession economics”, The New …
Readers Question: What are the effects of increased investment on aggregate demand in the short term and the long term. Investment means capital expenditure (e.g. purchasing machines or building bigger factory) Investment is a component of AD – AD+ C+I+G+X-M. Investment spending takes about 15% of AD; it is not as significant as consumer spending …
Perfect competition is a market structure Where there are many small firms There is freedom of entry and exit There is perfect information about price and supply Products are homogenous. Definition of Perfect Competition Outcome of perfect competition Firms are price takers Firms will make normal profit (where AR=AC). If firms made supernormal profits – more …
Definition of Pareto efficiency Pareto efficiency is said to occur when it is impossible to make one party better off without making someone worse off. A Pareto improvement is said to occur when at least one individual becomes better off without anyone becoming worse off. Pareto efficiency will occur on a production possibility frontier. When …
Definition of a Veblen Good. A Veblen good is a good where demand rises as price rises because people feel its higher price reflects greater status. Readers Question: I once ran across a term and now can’t find it. It’s the economic theory that consumers will purchase a product or service which cost more money …
A lagging indicator is an economic statistic that tends to have a delayed reaction to a change in the economic cycle. A leading indicator is an economic statistic that tends to predict future changes in the economic cycle. A co-incident indicator is a variable that changes with the whole economy. The recession of 2008 was …
A Pareto improvement occurs when an economic action leads to a net welfare gain, without anyone being made worse off. See also: Pareto efficiency. Pareto improvement and a production possibility curve Moving from point D to A or B – leads to a Pareto improvement because we can produce both more services and goods. However, …