Summary: Wage inflation is an increase in nominal wages, meaning workers receive higher pay. Wage inflation tends to cause price inflation and higher growth. The impact of wage inflation depends on whether it is a real increase (higher than inflation) or just nominal increase (same wage increase as inflation). The effect also depends on labour …
The main sectors of the economy are: Primary sector – extraction of raw materials – mining, fishing and agriculture. Secondary / manufacturing sector – concerned with producing finished goods, e.g. Construction sector, manufacturing and utilities, e.g. electricity. Service / ‘tertiary’ sector – concerned with offering intangible goods and services to consumers. This includes retail, tourism, …
A look at the main causes of unemployment – including demand deficient, structural, frictional and real wage unemployment. Main causes of unemployment 1. Frictional unemployment This is unemployment caused by the time people take to move between jobs, e.g. graduates or people changing jobs. There will always be some frictional unemployment in an economy because …
Since the financial crisis, we have seen an unprecedented stagnation/decline in real wages. This decline has been most noticeable for low-income workers, with growing levels of inequality. The decline/stagnation in real wages is a global phenomenon – though some countries have been more affected than others. Reasons suggested for falling/stagnant wages since 2008 include: Recession …
This decision tree is a simple example of game theory for firms deciding whether to enter the market and how existing firms should respond. If firm A (new firm) does not enter the market it makes £0 profit and the incumbent firm, firm B makes £3 profit. However, if Firm A does enter the market, …
Game study is the study of strategic interaction where one player’s decision depends on what the other player does. What the opponent does also depends upon what he thinks the first player will do. Dominant strategy – when one choice gives better result than other Nash equilibrium – where each player has nothing to gain …
A zero-sum game is a situation where one party benefits at the equal cost of another. If we add gains and losses the net benefit will always be zero. If two players have an arm wrestle challenge, there can only be one winner and one loser. It is not possible to arm wrestle and both …
Inflation means there is a sustained increase in the price level. The main causes of inflation are either excess aggregate demand (AD) (economic growth too fast) or cost-push factors (supply-side factors). Summary of the main causes of inflation Demand-pull inflation – aggregate demand growing faster than aggregate supply (growth too rapid) Cost-push inflation – For …