Demand management policies are efforts to influence the level of aggregate demand (AD) in an economy. The two main types of demand management policies are: Monetary Policy Fiscal Policy To some extent, the exchange rate could be used to influence aggregate demand, but in practice, it is rarely used as a tool to influence aggregate …
Compensated demand curve A compensated demand curve ignores the income effect of a price change. It only measures the substitution effect. A compensated demand curve is therefore less elastic than an ordinary demand curve. An ordinary demand curve shows the effect of price on quantity demanded. A change in price causes a substitution effect, but …
Readers Question: I was really hoping you might be able to inform me of the effects that zero inflation (which the UK is currently experiencing) might have on aggregate demand in the economy? Firstly, this post will help consider the impact of zero inflation on AD and economic growth – Is zero inflation a good …
Readers Question Can you tell me: Is speculation on a hot real estate market a counterexample to the law of demand or indirect evidence of it? The Law of Demand One of the first things you learn in economics is the basic law of demand – When prices rise, people buy less. When prices fall, …
Housing has never been more unaffordable. Homeownership rates are falling, rents are rising and young people are trapped by a crazy housing market. Against this backdrop, Sir Keir Starmer says he is a YIMBY – he wants to build 1.5 million new homes, even on greenbelt land and we should ignore local opposition to get …
Since 1950, health care spending in the UK has increased dramatically in real terms (adjusted for inflation). In the post-war period, we have also seen a sharp rise in public health care spending as a % of GDP (from 3% in 1960 to 8% in 2019). Covid has led to another sharp rise in health …
Readers Question: What caused the massive decrease in the debt to GDP ratio for the UK following World War II? It is a good question to ask. In the past few years, many European policymakers have felt that rising debt levels needed panic levels of austerity/spending cuts. But, that didn’t happen in the UK in …
The essential element of Keynesian economics is the idea the macroeconomy can be in disequilibrium (recession) for a considerable time. To help recover from a recession, Keynesian economics advocates higher government spending (financed by government borrowing) to kickstart an economy in a slump. Keynesian economics includes Disequilibrium in macroeconomy (insufficient demand) Imperfect labour markets (e.g. …