Tax competition occurs when different countries seek to attract investment and multi-national companies, by offering lower tax rates. Usually tax competition refers to corporation tax, but can also include competition on income tax on labour. Tax competition has become more important in recent decades as multi-national companies find it easier to locate in different countries. …
A tax haven is a country where individuals and firms are able to save money on paying tax through low or zero rates of tax. Tax havens may also provide customers with the ability to hide their true identity – helping their activities to remain hidden from the government in questions Countries considered to be …
Technical efficiency is the effectiveness with which a given set of inputs is used to produce an output. A firm is said to be technically efficient if a firm is producing the maximum output from the minimum quantity of inputs, such as labour, capital, and technology. Technical efficiency requires no unemployment of resources. Given a …
Technological unemployment occurs when developments in technology and working practices cause some workers to lose their jobs. Technological unemployment is considered to be part of a wider concept known as structural unemployment. Example of technological unemployment When labour-saving machines are introduced into the productive process, a firm can get rid of workers and produce the …
In 1979, Mrs Thatcher was elected Prime Minister of the UK. At the time, the UK was experiencing double-digit inflation, trades unions were powerful and there were signs British industry was becoming increasingly uncompetitive. Mrs Thatcher introduced revolutionary economic policies which had a deep impact on the UK economy. They were characterised by a belief …
Definition of the Accelerator Effect The accelerator effect states that investment levels are related the rate of change of GDP. Thus an increase in the rate of economic growth will cause a correspondingly larger increase in the level of investment. But, a fall in the rate of economic growth will cause a fall in investment …
Gross pay is the total amount of pay received before any deductions. This will be the advertised salary, such as £20,000 a year. Net pay is the amount of pay after deductions for tax and pensions. Net pay can also be referred to as the ‘take-home pay’ it is the amount of money the worker …
The NAIRU and Natural rate of unemployment are similar concepts – they both reflect the level of structural unemployment when the economy is close to full employment. However, they have different compositions and can vary in the short term. NAIRU – Non-accelerating Inflation rate of Unemployment. This is the level of unemployment that is consistent …