Demand-pull inflation

UK cpi-inflation-89-19

Demand-pull inflation is a period of inflation which arises from rapid growth in aggregate demand. It occurs when economic growth is too fast. If aggregate demand (AD) rises faster than productive capacity (LRAS), then firms will respond by putting up prices, creating inflation. Inflation – a sustained increase in the price level. Demand-pull inflation – …

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Pros and Cons of High Speed Rail HS2

hs2

HS2 is a proposed new railway line linking London Euston to Birmingham and in the second phase – Manchester, Leeds, Sheffield and eventually Scotland. Supporters of high-speed rail argue it is necessary to meet the UK’s rapidly growing demand for travel. High-speed rail will provide the greenest, safest and most efficient form of transport. The …

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Wage-price spiral

wage-price-spiral

The wage-price spiral refers to the strong mutual link and between wage growth and inflation. Rising wages invariably put upward pressure on prices and inflation. High inflation creates upward pressure on wages as workers seek to gain an increase in wages to meet the rising prices and maintain living standards. Thus a wage-price spiral can …

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Speculation – Stabilising and destabilising

Speculation occurs when individuals make decisions about buying or selling depending on expectations of future price changes. For example, if prices are rising speculators may take this as a sign that prices will continue to rise, and therefore, they buy more. This speculation causes prices to continue to rise. An example is house prices, where …

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Explaining supply and demand

difference-house-prices-supply-demand

Supply and demand illustrate the working of a market and the interaction between suppliers and consumers. Supply and demand curves determine the price and quantity of goods and services. Any changes in supply and demand will have an effect on the equilibrium price and quantity of the good sold. It will also affect the incentives …

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Explaining Supply and Demand

inelastic-supply-rise-in-demand

Supply and demand are a fundamental basis of economics; they help explain the determination of price and output in different markets. The supply curve shows the amount of goods firms are willing to sell at different prices. At higher prices, it becomes more profitable to sell the goods, so supply tends to rise with the …

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Price Elasticity of Demand (PED)

price-elasticity-demand-formula

Definition: Price elasticity of demand (PED) measures the responsiveness of demand after a change in price. Example of PED If price increases by 10% and demand for CDs fell by 20% Then PED = -20/10 = -2.0 If the price of petrol increased from 130p to 140p and demand fell from 10,000 units to 9,900 …

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